Occupation baselines · Research consensus
AI displacement risk, job by job
Baseline scores for 961 occupations, aggregated from published research and industry studies. Higher means more of the role overlaps with what current AI automates.
These are occupation level baselines, not personal scores. See the full ranking in one table, get your personal score free, or read how scoring works.
Technology
avg 55/100
Most exposed
- Data Scientists64/100
- Data Warehousing Specialists62/100
- Business Intelligence Analysts61/100
- Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other61/100
- Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers61/100
Show all 38 Technology occupations
- Web Developers61/100
- Bioinformatics Technicians60/100
- Clinical Data Managers59/100
- Computer Programmers59/100
- Database Administrators59/100
- Web Administrators59/100
- Computer User Support Specialists58/100
- Digital Forensics Analysts58/100
- Operations Research Analysts58/100
- Statisticians58/100
- Biostatisticians57/100
- Document Management Specialists57/100
- Database Architects56/100
- Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians56/100
- Computer Occupations, All Other55/100
- Information Security Engineers55/100
- Web and Digital Interface Designers55/100
- Mathematicians54/100
- Computer Network Support Specialists53/100
- Network and Computer Systems Administrators53/100
- Blockchain Engineers52/100
- Computer Systems Engineers/Architects52/100
- Information Security Analysts51/100
- Penetration Testers51/100
- Telecommunications Engineering Specialists51/100
- Information Technology Project Managers50/100
- Video Game Designers50/100
- Computer Systems Analysts49/100
- Health Informatics Specialists49/100
- Computer Network Architects48/100
- Software Developers47/100
- Computer and Information Research Scientists44/100
- Actuaries42/100
Finance & Banking
avg 54/100
Most exposed
- Personal Financial Advisors61/100
- Tax Preparers60/100
- Loan Officers59/100
- Credit Counselors58/100
- Financial Risk Specialists57/100
Show all 17 Finance & Banking occupations
- Credit Analysts56/100
- Financial and Investment Analysts56/100
- Appraisers of Personal and Business Property55/100
- Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents55/100
- Accountants and Auditors54/100
- Budget Analysts52/100
- Financial Quantitative Analysts52/100
- Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate50/100
- Financial Specialists, All Other50/100
- Insurance Underwriters50/100
- Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts48/100
- Financial Examiners44/100
Administration
avg 52/100
Most exposed
- Customer Service Representatives68/100
- Brokerage Clerks67/100
- Statistical Assistants64/100
- Correspondence Clerks63/100
- Data Entry Keyers63/100
Show all 52 Administration occupations
- Proofreaders and Copy Markers62/100
- Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks61/100
- Loan Interviewers and Clerks61/100
- Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping60/100
- Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks60/100
- Receptionists and Information Clerks60/100
- Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants59/100
- Order Clerks59/100
- Procurement Clerks59/100
- Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service59/100
- Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks58/100
- Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance58/100
- Office Clerks, General58/100
- Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive58/100
- Billing and Posting Clerks57/100
- Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs57/100
- Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants57/100
- Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks57/100
- Word Processors and Typists57/100
- Court, Municipal, and License Clerks56/100
- Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks56/100
- Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan55/100
- New Accounts Clerks55/100
- Bill and Account Collectors53/100
- Desktop Publishers53/100
- Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants53/100
- Public Safety Telecommunicators53/100
- Telephone Operators52/100
- Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks51/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers50/100
- Freight Forwarders50/100
- Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks50/100
- File Clerks49/100
- Gambling Cage Workers47/100
- Tellers47/100
- Communications Equipment Operators, All Other45/100
- Library Assistants, Clerical44/100
- Cargo and Freight Agents42/100
- Postal Service Clerks40/100
- Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks39/100
- Meter Readers, Utilities37/100
- Postal Service Mail Carriers32/100
- Office Machine Operators, Except Computer31/100
- Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping31/100
- Couriers and Messengers27/100
- Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service27/100
- Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators24/100
Sales & Marketing
avg 50/100
Most exposed
- Telemarketers68/100
- Travel Agents61/100
- Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel59/100
- Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products59/100
- Counter and Rental Clerks57/100
Show all 22 Sales & Marketing occupations
- Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents57/100
- Solar Sales Representatives and Assessors56/100
- Advertising Sales Agents55/100
- Insurance Sales Agents54/100
- Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products54/100
- Sales Engineers52/100
- Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers50/100
- Retail Salespersons49/100
- Cashiers48/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers47/100
- Real Estate Brokers47/100
- Demonstrators and Product Promoters44/100
- Real Estate Sales Agents44/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers39/100
- Parts Salespersons37/100
- Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers33/100
- Models31/100
Business & Operations
avg 47/100
Most exposed
- Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists64/100
- Search Marketing Strategists60/100
- Online Merchants55/100
- Management Analysts54/100
- Human Resources Specialists53/100
Show all 33 Business & Operations occupations
- Logistics Analysts53/100
- Compliance Officers51/100
- Sustainability Specialists51/100
- Training and Development Specialists51/100
- Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators50/100
- Customs Brokers50/100
- Regulatory Affairs Specialists50/100
- Business Continuity Planners49/100
- Logistics Engineers49/100
- Business Operations Specialists, All Other48/100
- Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products48/100
- Cost Estimators47/100
- Logisticians47/100
- Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes46/100
- Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists46/100
- Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage45/100
- Environmental Compliance Inspectors44/100
- Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers43/100
- Fundraisers43/100
- Project Management Specialists43/100
- Security Management Specialists43/100
- Government Property Inspectors and Investigators42/100
- Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products42/100
- Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products41/100
- Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners41/100
- Coroners38/100
- Labor Relations Specialists30/100
- Farm Labor Contractors21/100
Legal
avg 40/100
Most exposed
- Judicial Law Clerks44/100
- Paralegals and Legal Assistants44/100
- Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers42/100
- Lawyers42/100
- Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators39/100
Show all 7 Legal occupations
Education
avg 39/100
Most exposed
- Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary52/100
- English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary51/100
- Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary51/100
- History Teachers, Postsecondary49/100
- Librarians and Media Collections Specialists49/100
Show all 66 Education occupations
- Archivists48/100
- Communications Teachers, Postsecondary48/100
- Instructional Coordinators48/100
- Professor48/100
- Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
- Business Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
- Education Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
- Library Technicians47/100
- Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
- Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
- Curators46/100
- Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary46/100
- Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary45/100
- Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary44/100
- Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary44/100
- Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary43/100
- Law Teachers, Postsecondary43/100
- Teachers and Instructors, All Other43/100
- Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary43/100
- Tutors43/100
- Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
- Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
- Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
- Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
- Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
- Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
- Economics Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
- Farm and Home Management Educators41/100
- Geography Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
- Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
- Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
- Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
- Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
- Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
- Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary39/100
- Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary39/100
- Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education39/100
- Postsecondary Teachers, All Other39/100
- Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary39/100
- Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors38/100
- Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary38/100
- Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education37/100
- Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education37/100
- Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary36/100
- Self-Enrichment Teachers36/100
- Special Education Teachers, Middle School35/100
- Special Education Teachers, Secondary School34/100
- Physics Teachers, Postsecondary33/100
- Substitute Teachers, Short-Term30/100
- Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten28/100
- Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School27/100
- Special Education Teachers, Elementary School27/100
- Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education27/100
- Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School26/100
- Special Education Teachers, All Other26/100
- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education25/100
- Museum Technicians and Conservators25/100
- Special Education Teachers, Preschool25/100
- Teaching Assistants, Special Education25/100
- Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education23/100
- Adapted Physical Education Specialists22/100
Research & Science
avg 39/100
Most exposed
- Social Science Research Assistants59/100
- Sociologists56/100
- Survey Researchers56/100
- Environmental Economists55/100
- Political Scientists54/100
Show all 65 Research & Science occupations
- Geographers52/100
- Biological Scientists, All Other50/100
- Urban and Regional Planners50/100
- Economists49/100
- Industrial-Organizational Psychologists47/100
- Historians46/100
- School Psychologists46/100
- Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other46/100
- Animal Scientists45/100
- Bioinformatics Scientists45/100
- Chemists45/100
- Materials Scientists45/100
- Atmospheric and Space Scientists44/100
- Quality Control Analysts44/100
- Transportation Planners44/100
- Astronomers43/100
- Climate Change Policy Analysts43/100
- Clinical and Counseling Psychologists43/100
- Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health43/100
- Hydrologic Technicians42/100
- Industrial Ecologists42/100
- Physicists42/100
- Remote Sensing Technicians42/100
- Anthropologists and Archeologists41/100
- Environmental Restoration Planners41/100
- Geneticists41/100
- Molecular and Cellular Biologists41/100
- Biologists40/100
- Chemical Technicians40/100
- Biochemists and Biophysicists39/100
- Hydrologists39/100
- Soil and Plant Scientists39/100
- Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health38/100
- Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other38/100
- Microbiologists38/100
- Psychologists, All Other38/100
- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists38/100
- Food Science Technicians36/100
- Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians36/100
- Precision Agriculture Technicians36/100
- Epidemiologists35/100
- Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists35/100
- Biological Technicians34/100
- Food Scientists and Technologists34/100
- Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists34/100
- Conservation Scientists32/100
- Occupational Health and Safety Specialists32/100
- Clinical Neuropsychologists31/100
- Neuropsychologists31/100
- Physical Scientists, All Other31/100
- Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers30/100
- Nuclear Monitoring Technicians29/100
- Park Naturalists29/100
- Range Managers28/100
- Occupational Health and Safety Technicians26/100
- Agricultural Technicians25/100
- Forensic Science Technicians24/100
- Nuclear Technicians24/100
- Forest and Conservation Technicians19/100
- Foresters17/100
Management
avg 37/100
Most exposed
- Public Relations Managers51/100
- Financial Consultant50/100
- Training and Development Managers49/100
- Marketing Managers48/100
- Treasurers and Controllers47/100
Show all 61 Management occupations
- Advertising and Promotions Managers46/100
- Purchasing Managers46/100
- Financial Managers45/100
- Investment Fund Managers44/100
- Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers44/100
- Computer and Information Systems Managers43/100
- Supply Chain Managers43/100
- Lodging Managers42/100
- Spa Managers42/100
- Clinical Research Coordinators41/100
- Compliance Managers41/100
- Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling41/100
- Social and Community Service Managers41/100
- Personal Service Managers, All Other40/100
- Wind Energy Development Managers40/100
- Fundraising Managers39/100
- Human Resources Managers39/100
- Regulatory Affairs Managers39/100
- Sales Managers39/100
- Gambling Managers38/100
- Managers, All Other38/100
- Medical and Health Services Managers38/100
- Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers38/100
- Quality Control Systems Managers38/100
- Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary37/100
- Facilities Managers37/100
- Loss Prevention Managers37/100
- Water Resource Specialists37/100
- Wind Energy Operations Managers37/100
- Chief Sustainability Officers36/100
- Education Administrators, All Other36/100
- Funeral Home Managers36/100
- Natural Sciences Managers36/100
- Security Managers36/100
- Compensation and Benefits Managers35/100
- Construction Managers35/100
- Education Administrators, Postsecondary35/100
- Emergency Management Directors35/100
- Postmasters and Mail Superintendents35/100
- Fitness and Wellness Coordinators34/100
- Administrative Services Managers33/100
- Brownfield Redevelopment Specialists and Site Managers33/100
- General and Operations Managers32/100
- Architectural and Engineering Managers31/100
- Biofuels Production Managers31/100
- Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare31/100
- Biomass Power Plant Managers30/100
- Food Service Managers30/100
- Legislators30/100
- Industrial Production Managers29/100
- Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers28/100
- Chief Executives28/100
- Geothermal Production Managers28/100
- Hydroelectric Production Managers28/100
- Business Development Manager17/100
- Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers17/100
Media & Creative
avg 37/100
Most exposed
- Interpreters and Translators68/100
- Technical Writers63/100
- Writers and Authors62/100
- Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers60/100
- News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists58/100
Show all 41 Media & Creative occupations
- Public Relations Specialists58/100
- Editors56/100
- Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys52/100
- Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners52/100
- Media and Communication Workers, All Other50/100
- Graphic Designers47/100
- Special Effects Artists and Animators46/100
- Media Programming Directors43/100
- Film and Video Editors39/100
- Photographers39/100
- Art Directors37/100
- Fashion Designers37/100
- Producers and Directors37/100
- Disc Jockeys, Except Radio35/100
- Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators35/100
- Media Technical Directors/Managers35/100
- Talent Directors35/100
- Interior Designers34/100
- Commercial and Industrial Designers33/100
- Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film32/100
- Craft Artists32/100
- Set and Exhibit Designers30/100
- Audio and Video Technicians29/100
- Broadcast Technicians27/100
- Actors26/100
- Coaches and Scouts25/100
- Floral Designers25/100
- Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers25/100
- Music Directors and Composers25/100
- Sound Engineering Technicians24/100
- Choreographers23/100
- Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials23/100
- Lighting Technicians22/100
- Musicians and Singers17/100
- Athletes and Sports Competitors16/100
- Dancers8/100
Engineering
avg 36/100
Most exposed
- Cartographers and Photogrammetrists47/100
- Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers44/100
- Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians44/100
- Electronics Engineers, Except Computer44/100
- Radio Frequency Identification Device Specialists44/100
Show all 59 Engineering occupations
- Automotive Engineers43/100
- Computer Hardware Engineers43/100
- Electrical and Electronics Drafters43/100
- Energy Engineers, Except Wind and Solar43/100
- Engineers, All Other42/100
- Aerospace Engineers41/100
- Architectural and Civil Drafters41/100
- Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians41/100
- Architect40/100
- Fuel Cell Engineers40/100
- Wind Energy Engineers40/100
- Solar Energy Systems Engineers39/100
- Surveying and Mapping Technicians39/100
- Validation Engineers39/100
- Architects, Except Landscape and Naval38/100
- Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians38/100
- Environmental Engineers38/100
- Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists38/100
- Industrial Engineers38/100
- Mechanical Engineers38/100
- Automotive Engineering Technicians37/100
- Calibration Technologists and Technicians37/100
- Microsystems Engineers37/100
- Transportation Engineers37/100
- Geodetic Surveyors36/100
- Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors36/100
- Manufacturing Engineers36/100
- Nanosystems Engineers36/100
- Robotics Engineers36/100
- Surveyors36/100
- Mechanical Drafters35/100
- Petroleum Engineers35/100
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians34/100
- Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers34/100
- Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians34/100
- Landscape Architects34/100
- Mechatronics Engineers34/100
- Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers34/100
- Water/Wastewater Engineers34/100
- Civil Engineers33/100
- Electrical Engineers33/100
- Non-Destructive Testing Specialists33/100
- Photonics Engineers32/100
- Marine Engineers and Naval Architects31/100
- Materials Engineers31/100
- Nuclear Engineers31/100
- Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians30/100
- Photonics Technicians29/100
- Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians28/100
- Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other28/100
- Chemical Engineers27/100
- Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians26/100
- Agricultural Engineers25/100
- Robotics Technicians22/100
Social Services
avg 33/100
Most exposed
- Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors41/100
- Directors, Religious Activities and Education40/100
- Clergy39/100
- Health Education Specialists38/100
- Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other37/100
Show all 15 Social Services occupations
- Healthcare Social Workers36/100
- Rehabilitation Counselors34/100
- Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists32/100
- Child, Family, and School Social Workers31/100
- Mental Health Counselors31/100
- Social and Human Service Assistants31/100
- Marriage and Family Therapists30/100
- Community Health Workers28/100
- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers27/100
- Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors27/100
Hospitality
avg 24/100
Most exposed
- Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop42/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers30/100
- Chefs and Head Cooks29/100
- Cooks, Fast Food29/100
- Waiters and Waitresses27/100
Show all 16 Hospitality occupations
- Cooks, Restaurant26/100
- Fast Food and Counter Workers26/100
- Baristas24/100
- Cooks, Private Household24/100
- Food Preparation Workers22/100
- Bartenders21/100
- Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria21/100
- Cooks, Short Order21/100
- Food Servers, Nonrestaurant21/100
- Dishwashers17/100
- Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers9/100
Personal Services
avg 24/100
Most exposed
- Concierges58/100
- Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners38/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers37/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers37/100
- Gambling Dealers36/100
Show all 31 Personal Services occupations
- Baggage Porters and Bellhops34/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services34/100
- Travel Guides34/100
- Amusement and Recreation Attendants33/100
- Residential Advisors30/100
- Tour Guides and Escorts30/100
- Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants26/100
- Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers26/100
- Animal Caretakers25/100
- Childcare Workers22/100
- Nannies22/100
- Recreation Workers22/100
- Funeral Attendants21/100
- Costume Attendants20/100
- Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors18/100
- Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance17/100
- Crematory Operators14/100
- Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists14/100
- Motion Picture Projectionists14/100
- Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers13/100
- Shampooers13/100
- Skincare Specialists13/100
- Barbers12/100
- Manicurists and Pedicurists12/100
- Animal Trainers10/100
- Embalmers8/100
Public Sector / Government
avg 23/100
Most exposed
- Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators36/100
- Customs and Border Protection Officers34/100
- Private Detectives and Investigators34/100
- Retail Loss Prevention Specialists31/100
- Intelligence Analysts30/100
Show all 27 Public Sector / Government occupations
- Transportation Security Screeners28/100
- Parking Enforcement Workers27/100
- Security Guards27/100
- School Bus Monitors26/100
- Bailiffs25/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers25/100
- Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers25/100
- Protective Service Workers, All Other25/100
- Police Identification and Records Officers24/100
- Detectives and Criminal Investigators23/100
- Crossing Guards and Flaggers21/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives21/100
- Animal Control Workers19/100
- Fire Inspectors and Investigators19/100
- Correctional Officers and Jailers18/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers18/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers18/100
- Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists18/100
- Transit and Railroad Police18/100
- Fish and Game Wardens17/100
- Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers13/100
- Firefighters9/100
Healthcare
avg 22/100
Most exposed
- Medical Records Specialists60/100
- Medical Transcriptionists51/100
- Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars50/100
- Dietitians and Nutritionists45/100
- Pharmacy Technicians41/100
Show all 114 Healthcare occupations
- Genetic Counselors40/100
- Pharmacists40/100
- Patient Representatives39/100
- Dietetic Technicians36/100
- Radiologists35/100
- Cytogenetic Technologists32/100
- General Internal Medicine Physicians32/100
- Psychiatrists32/100
- Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists30/100
- Physicians, Pathologists30/100
- Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses29/100
- Nurse Practitioners29/100
- Obstetricians and Gynecologists29/100
- Histology Technicians28/100
- Nuclear Medicine Technologists28/100
- Opticians, Dispensing28/100
- Veterinarians28/100
- Acute Care Nurses27/100
- Audiologists27/100
- Clinical Nurse Specialists27/100
- Medical Assistants27/100
- Personal Care Aides27/100
- Registered Nurses27/100
- Speech-Language Pathologists27/100
- Athletic Trainers26/100
- Pediatricians, General26/100
- Pharmacy Aides26/100
- Family Medicine Physicians25/100
- Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners, All Other25/100
- Medical Dosimetrists25/100
- Critical Care Nurses24/100
- Cytotechnologists24/100
- Histotechnologists24/100
- Nurse Midwives24/100
- Orthoptists24/100
- Music Therapists23/100
- Neurologists23/100
- Podiatrists23/100
- Sports Medicine Physicians23/100
- Allergists and Immunologists22/100
- Cardiologists22/100
- Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other22/100
- Hospitalists22/100
- Naturopathic Physicians22/100
- Physical Therapists22/100
- Physicians, All Other22/100
- Preventive Medicine Physicians22/100
- Speech-Language Pathology Assistants22/100
- Dermatologists21/100
- Occupational Therapists21/100
- Orthodontists21/100
- Chiropractors20/100
- Emergency Medicine Physicians20/100
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists20/100
- Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric20/100
- Radiologic Technologists and Technicians20/100
- Acupuncturists19/100
- Art Therapists19/100
- Diagnostic Medical Sonographers19/100
- Exercise Physiologists19/100
- Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians19/100
- Midwives19/100
- Recreational Therapists19/100
- Urologists19/100
- Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians18/100
- Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists18/100
- Medical Equipment Preparers18/100
- Ophthalmic Medical Technicians18/100
- Ophthalmic Medical Technologists18/100
- Pediatric Surgeons17/100
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians17/100
- Psychiatric Technicians17/100
- Anesthesiologists16/100
- Dental Assistants16/100
- Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other16/100
- Healthcare Support Workers, All Other16/100
- Occupational Therapy Aides16/100
- Occupational Therapy Assistants16/100
- Neurodiagnostic Technologists15/100
- Orderlies15/100
- Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric15/100
- Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers15/100
- Dentists, General14/100
- Hearing Aid Specialists14/100
- Orthotists and Prosthetists14/100
- Physician Assistants14/100
- Radiation Therapists14/100
- Respiratory Therapists14/100
- Therapists, All Other14/100
- Anesthesiologist Assistants13/100
- Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses13/100
- Nurse Anesthetists13/100
- Phlebotomists13/100
- Surgical Technologists13/100
- Veterinary Technologists and Technicians13/100
- Dental Hygienists12/100
- Emergency Medical Technicians12/100
- Endoscopy Technicians12/100
- Nursing Assistants12/100
- Optometrists12/100
- Paramedics12/100
- Physical Therapist Assistants12/100
- Psychiatric Aides12/100
- Surgical Assistants12/100
- Massage Therapists11/100
- Physical Therapist Aides11/100
- Prosthodontists11/100
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons10/100
- Home Health Aides8/100
Transportation
avg 20/100
Most exposed
- Recycling Coordinators39/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand37/100
- Airfield Operations Specialists34/100
- Passenger Attendants33/100
- Flight Attendants31/100
Show all 53 Transportation occupations
- Transportation Inspectors31/100
- Traffic Technicians30/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators29/100
- Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters29/100
- Stockers and Order Fillers29/100
- Transportation Vehicle, Equipment and Systems Inspectors, Except Aviation26/100
- Air Traffic Controllers25/100
- Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers25/100
- Taxi Drivers25/100
- Subway and Streetcar Operators24/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants23/100
- Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity22/100
- Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors22/100
- Bridge and Lock Tenders21/100
- Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels21/100
- Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand21/100
- Packers and Packagers, Hand21/100
- Aviation Inspectors20/100
- Commercial Pilots20/100
- Machine Feeders and Offbearers20/100
- Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers20/100
- Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers19/100
- Light Truck Drivers19/100
- Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs19/100
- Bus Drivers, School18/100
- Conveyor Operators and Tenders18/100
- Driver/Sales Workers18/100
- Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators18/100
- Ship Engineers18/100
- Parking Attendants17/100
- Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders17/100
- Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers16/100
- Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment16/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Transportation Workers, All Other16/100
- Locomotive Engineers16/100
- Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators15/100
- Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators and Locomotive Firers15/100
- Wellhead Pumpers15/100
- Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors14/100
- Recycling and Reclamation Workers14/100
- Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants12/100
- Sailors and Marine Oilers11/100
- Aircraft Service Attendants10/100
- Crane and Tower Operators10/100
- Motorboat Operators9/100
- Hoist and Winch Operators8/100
- Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians7/100
- Dredge Operators7/100
Agriculture
avg 19/100
Most exposed
- Agricultural Workers, All Other41/100
- Agricultural Inspectors25/100
- Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products21/100
- Log Graders and Scalers20/100
- Logging Equipment Operators19/100
Show all 13 Agriculture occupations
- Agricultural Equipment Operators18/100
- Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals18/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers18/100
- Animal Breeders16/100
- Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse16/100
- Fallers11/100
- Forest and Conservation Workers11/100
- Fishing and Hunting Workers9/100
Manufacturing
avg 19/100
Most exposed
- Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers50/100
- Power Distributors and Dispatchers34/100
- Prepress Technicians and Workers34/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers30/100
- Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers28/100
Show all 110 Manufacturing occupations
- Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators27/100
- Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers27/100
- Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other26/100
- Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders24/100
- Bakers24/100
- Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders24/100
- Gas Plant Operators24/100
- Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers24/100
- Machinists24/100
- Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic24/100
- Patternmakers, Wood24/100
- Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators24/100
- Semiconductor Processing Technicians24/100
- Food Batchmakers23/100
- Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic23/100
- Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic23/100
- Printing Press Operators23/100
- Team Assemblers23/100
- Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic22/100
- Model Makers, Wood22/100
- Nuclear Power Reactor Operators22/100
- Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers22/100
- Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders22/100
- Butchers and Meat Cutters21/100
- Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders21/100
- Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic21/100
- Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic21/100
- Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic21/100
- Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders21/100
- Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing21/100
- Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders20/100
- Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic20/100
- Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders20/100
- Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic20/100
- Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders20/100
- Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic20/100
- Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders20/100
- Model Makers, Metal and Plastic20/100
- Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders20/100
- Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders20/100
- Slaughterers and Meat Packers20/100
- Biomass Plant Technicians19/100
- Chemical Plant and System Operators19/100
- Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders19/100
- Cutters and Trimmers, Hand19/100
- Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders19/100
- Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders19/100
- Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic19/100
- Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic19/100
- Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians19/100
- Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers19/100
- Power Plant Operators19/100
- Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood19/100
- Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators19/100
- Tire Builders19/100
- Tool and Die Makers19/100
- Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders19/100
- Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers18/100
- Biofuels Processing Technicians18/100
- Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers18/100
- Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers18/100
- Glass Blowers, Molders, Benders, and Finishers18/100
- Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers18/100
- Pourers and Casters, Metal18/100
- Print Binding and Finishing Workers18/100
- Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic18/100
- Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders18/100
- Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners18/100
- Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders17/100
- Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic17/100
- Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers17/100
- Engine and Other Machine Assemblers17/100
- Foundry Mold and Coremakers17/100
- Gem and Diamond Workers17/100
- Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand17/100
- Helpers--Production Workers17/100
- Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers17/100
- Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders17/100
- Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters16/100
- Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders16/100
- Etchers and Engravers16/100
- Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators16/100
- Sewers, Hand16/100
- Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers16/100
- Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders16/100
- Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters16/100
- Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators16/100
- Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers16/100
- Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers15/100
- Dental Laboratory Technicians15/100
- Medical Appliance Technicians15/100
- Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders15/100
- Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials15/100
- Production Workers, All Other15/100
- Sewing Machine Operators15/100
- Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders14/100
- Potters, Manufacturing14/100
- Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic13/100
- Furniture Finishers12/100
- Upholsterers12/100
- Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers11/100
- Hydroelectric Plant Technicians10/100
- Plant and System Operators, All Other10/100
- Stone Cutters and Carvers, Manufacturing10/100
- Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters8/100
Facilities & Services
avg 17/100
Most exposed
Construction & Trades
avg 13/100
Most exposed
- Energy Auditors43/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers33/100
- Construction and Building Inspectors31/100
- Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers30/100
- Solar Energy Installation Managers27/100
Show all 112 Construction & Trades occupations
- Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment26/100
- First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers24/100
- Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers23/100
- Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay22/100
- Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers22/100
- Solar Photovoltaic Installers22/100
- Medical Equipment Repairers21/100
- Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers21/100
- Avionics Technicians20/100
- Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers20/100
- Industrial Machinery Mechanics20/100
- Geothermal Technicians19/100
- Maintenance Workers, Machinery19/100
- Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers17/100
- Electricians17/100
- Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers17/100
- Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers16/100
- Roof Bolters, Mining16/100
- Tire Repairers and Changers16/100
- Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door15/100
- Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons15/100
- Highway Maintenance Workers15/100
- Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines15/100
- Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians15/100
- Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas14/100
- Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining14/100
- Hazardous Materials Removal Workers14/100
- Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other14/100
- Pipelayers14/100
- Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters14/100
- Riggers14/100
- Roustabouts, Oil and Gas14/100
- Sheet Metal Workers14/100
- Watch and Clock Repairers14/100
- Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment13/100
- Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians13/100
- Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers13/100
- Home Appliance Repairers13/100
- Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining13/100
- Millwrights13/100
- Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners13/100
- Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers13/100
- Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators13/100
- Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas13/100
- Structural Iron and Steel Workers13/100
- Wind Turbine Service Technicians13/100
- Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians12/100
- Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics12/100
- Bicycle Repairers12/100
- Continuous Mining Machine Operators12/100
- Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles12/100
- Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers12/100
- Insulation Workers, Mechanical12/100
- Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers12/100
- Painters, Construction and Maintenance12/100
- Rock Splitters, Quarry12/100
- Boilermakers11/100
- Construction Laborers11/100
- Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas11/100
- Helpers--Extraction Workers11/100
- Maintenance and Repair Workers, General11/100
- Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators11/100
- Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners11/100
- Weatherization Installers and Technicians11/100
- Brickmasons and Blockmasons10/100
- Carpenters10/100
- Commercial Divers10/100
- Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers10/100
- Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters10/100
- Helpers--Carpenters10/100
- Pile Driver Operators10/100
- Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons10/100
- Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas10/100
- Automotive Body and Related Repairers9/100
- Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists9/100
- Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers9/100
- Fence Erectors9/100
- Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall9/100
- Motorcycle Mechanics9/100
- Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics9/100
- Plasterers and Stucco Masons9/100
- Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians9/100
- Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers8/100
- Helpers--Electricians8/100
- Locksmiths and Safe Repairers8/100
- Mechanical Door Repairers8/100
- Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians8/100
- Paperhangers8/100
- Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators8/100
- Rail Car Repairers8/100
- Segmental Pavers8/100
- Signal and Track Switch Repairers8/100
- Terrazzo Workers and Finishers8/100
- Tile and Stone Setters8/100
- Carpet Installers7/100
- Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers7/100
- Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers7/100
- Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles7/100
- Floor Sanders and Finishers7/100
- Glaziers7/100
- Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters7/100
- Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters7/100
- Helpers--Roofers7/100
- Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers7/100
- Roofers7/100
- Stonemasons7/100
- Tapers7/100
Informational guidance based on published research, not professional career or financial advice. Scores update as new research is ingested.