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AI Job Risk

The index · Updated 11 September 2026

The AI Job Risk Index

Every occupation we can score with at least two independent research sources, ranked from most to least exposed to AI. Scores run 0 to 100, where higher means more of the role overlaps with what current AI systems already do.

Free to read, quote and cite. How the scoring works or get your own personal score free.

961

Occupations ranked

68

Highest score

31

Mean risk score

20

Research sources

How the scores are distributed

Of 961 ranked occupations, 0 land in the high risk band (70 and above), 281 are transitioning (40 to 69), and 680 sit in the lower risk band (below 40). Worth noting on its own: the highest score in the whole index is 68, so the research consensus stops well short of saying any single occupation is fully automatable today. The mean across everything scored is 31. By sector mean, technology is the most exposed at 55 across 38 occupations, and construction & trades the least at 13 across 112.

The full ranking

All 961 occupations ranked by aggregated AI exposure score, most exposed first
#OccupationScore
1Customer Service Representatives68/100
2Interpreters and Translators68/100
3Telemarketers68/100
4Brokerage Clerks67/100
5Data Scientists64/100
6Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists64/100
7Statistical Assistants64/100
8Correspondence Clerks63/100
9Data Entry Keyers63/100
10Technical Writers63/100
11Data Warehousing Specialists62/100
12Proofreaders and Copy Markers62/100
13Writers and Authors62/100
14Business Intelligence Analysts61/100
15Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks61/100
16Loan Interviewers and Clerks61/100
17Mathematical Science Occupations, All Other61/100
18Personal Financial Advisors61/100
19Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers61/100
20Travel Agents61/100
21Web Developers61/100
22Bioinformatics Technicians60/100
23Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping60/100
24Insurance Claims and Policy Processing Clerks60/100
25Medical Records Specialists60/100
26Poets, Lyricists and Creative Writers60/100
27Receptionists and Information Clerks60/100
28Search Marketing Strategists60/100
29Tax Preparers60/100
30Clinical Data Managers59/100
31Computer Programmers59/100
32Database Administrators59/100
33Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants59/100
34Loan Officers59/100
35Order Clerks59/100
36Procurement Clerks59/100
37Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel59/100
38Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products59/100
39Social Science Research Assistants59/100
40Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service59/100
41Web Administrators59/100
42Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks58/100
43Computer User Support Specialists58/100
44Concierges58/100
45Credit Counselors58/100
46Digital Forensics Analysts58/100
47Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance58/100
48News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists58/100
49Office Clerks, General58/100
50Operations Research Analysts58/100
51Public Relations Specialists58/100
52Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive58/100
53Statisticians58/100
54Billing and Posting Clerks57/100
55Biostatisticians57/100
56Counter and Rental Clerks57/100
57Document Management Specialists57/100
58Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs57/100
59Financial Risk Specialists57/100
60Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants57/100
61Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks57/100
62Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents57/100
63Word Processors and Typists57/100
64Court, Municipal, and License Clerks56/100
65Credit Analysts56/100
66Database Architects56/100
67Editors56/100
68Financial and Investment Analysts56/100
69Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians56/100
70Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks56/100
71Sociologists56/100
72Solar Sales Representatives and Assessors56/100
73Survey Researchers56/100
74Advertising Sales Agents55/100
75Appraisers of Personal and Business Property55/100
76Computer Occupations, All Other55/100
77Environmental Economists55/100
78Information Security Engineers55/100
79Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan55/100
80New Accounts Clerks55/100
81Online Merchants55/100
82Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents55/100
83Web and Digital Interface Designers55/100
84Accountants and Auditors54/100
85Insurance Sales Agents54/100
86Management Analysts54/100
87Mathematicians54/100
88Political Scientists54/100
89Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products54/100
90Bill and Account Collectors53/100
91Computer Network Support Specialists53/100
92Desktop Publishers53/100
93Human Resources Specialists53/100
94Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants53/100
95Logistics Analysts53/100
96Network and Computer Systems Administrators53/100
97Public Safety Telecommunicators53/100
98Blockchain Engineers52/100
99Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys52/100
100Budget Analysts52/100
101Computer Systems Engineers/Architects52/100
102Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners52/100
103Financial Quantitative Analysts52/100
104Geographers52/100
105Philosophy and Religion Teachers, Postsecondary52/100
106Sales Engineers52/100
107Telephone Operators52/100
108Compliance Officers51/100
109English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary51/100
110Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary51/100
111Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks51/100
112Information Security Analysts51/100
113Medical Transcriptionists51/100
114Penetration Testers51/100
115Public Relations Managers51/100
116Sustainability Specialists51/100
117Telecommunications Engineering Specialists51/100
118Training and Development Specialists51/100
119Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate50/100
120Biological Scientists, All Other50/100
121Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators50/100
122Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers50/100
123Customs Brokers50/100
124Door-to-Door Sales Workers, News and Street Vendors, and Related Workers50/100
125Financial Consultant50/100
126Financial Specialists, All Other50/100
127First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers50/100
128Freight Forwarders50/100
129Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars50/100
130Information Technology Project Managers50/100
131Insurance Underwriters50/100
132Media and Communication Workers, All Other50/100
133Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks50/100
134Regulatory Affairs Specialists50/100
135Urban and Regional Planners50/100
136Video Game Designers50/100
137Business Continuity Planners49/100
138Computer Systems Analysts49/100
139Economists49/100
140File Clerks49/100
141Health Informatics Specialists49/100
142History Teachers, Postsecondary49/100
143Librarians and Media Collections Specialists49/100
144Logistics Engineers49/100
145Retail Salespersons49/100
146Training and Development Managers49/100
147Archivists48/100
148Business Operations Specialists, All Other48/100
149Cashiers48/100
150Communications Teachers, Postsecondary48/100
151Computer Network Architects48/100
152Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts48/100
153Instructional Coordinators48/100
154Marketing Managers48/100
155Professor48/100
156Purchasing Agents, Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products48/100
157Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
158Business Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
159Cartographers and Photogrammetrists47/100
160Cost Estimators47/100
161Education Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
162First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers47/100
163Gambling Cage Workers47/100
164Graphic Designers47/100
165Industrial-Organizational Psychologists47/100
166Library Technicians47/100
167Logisticians47/100
168Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
169Real Estate Brokers47/100
170Recreation and Fitness Studies Teachers, Postsecondary47/100
171Software Developers47/100
172Tellers47/100
173Treasurers and Controllers47/100
174Advertising and Promotions Managers46/100
175Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes46/100
176Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists46/100
177Curators46/100
178Historians46/100
179Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary46/100
180Purchasing Managers46/100
181School Psychologists46/100
182Social Scientists and Related Workers, All Other46/100
183Special Effects Artists and Animators46/100
184Animal Scientists45/100
185Bioinformatics Scientists45/100
186Chemists45/100
187Communications Equipment Operators, All Other45/100
188Dietitians and Nutritionists45/100
189Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary45/100
190Financial Managers45/100
191Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage45/100
192Materials Scientists45/100
193Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary44/100
194Atmospheric and Space Scientists44/100
195Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers44/100
196Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians44/100
197Computer and Information Research Scientists44/100
198Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary44/100
199Demonstrators and Product Promoters44/100
200Electronics Engineers, Except Computer44/100
201Environmental Compliance Inspectors44/100
202Financial Examiners44/100
203Investment Fund Managers44/100
204Judicial Law Clerks44/100
205Library Assistants, Clerical44/100
206Paralegals and Legal Assistants44/100
207Quality Control Analysts44/100
208Radio Frequency Identification Device Specialists44/100
209Real Estate Sales Agents44/100
210Transportation Planners44/100
211Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers44/100
212Astronomers43/100
213Automotive Engineers43/100
214Climate Change Policy Analysts43/100
215Clinical and Counseling Psychologists43/100
216Computer and Information Systems Managers43/100
217Computer Hardware Engineers43/100
218Electrical and Electronics Drafters43/100
219Energy Auditors43/100
220Energy Engineers, Except Wind and Solar43/100
221Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health43/100
222Equal Opportunity Representatives and Officers43/100
223Fundraisers43/100
224Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary43/100
225Law Teachers, Postsecondary43/100
226Media Programming Directors43/100
227Project Management Specialists43/100
228Security Management Specialists43/100
229Supply Chain Managers43/100
230Teachers and Instructors, All Other43/100
231Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary43/100
232Tutors43/100
233Actuaries42/100
234Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers42/100
235Agricultural Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
236Cargo and Freight Agents42/100
237Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
238Engineers, All Other42/100
239Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
240Government Property Inspectors and Investigators42/100
241Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop42/100
242Hydrologic Technicians42/100
243Industrial Ecologists42/100
244Lawyers42/100
245Lodging Managers42/100
246Physicists42/100
247Remote Sensing Technicians42/100
248Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary42/100
249Spa Managers42/100
250Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products42/100
251Aerospace Engineers41/100
252Agricultural Workers, All Other41/100
253Anthropologists and Archeologists41/100
254Anthropology and Archeology Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
255Architectural and Civil Drafters41/100
256Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products41/100
257Clinical Research Coordinators41/100
258Compliance Managers41/100
259Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
260Economics Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
261Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors41/100
262Entertainment and Recreation Managers, Except Gambling41/100
263Environmental Restoration Planners41/100
264Farm and Home Management Educators41/100
265Geneticists41/100
266Geography Teachers, Postsecondary41/100
267Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians41/100
268Meeting, Convention, and Event Planners41/100
269Molecular and Cellular Biologists41/100
270Pharmacy Technicians41/100
271Social and Community Service Managers41/100
272Architect40/100
273Area, Ethnic, and Cultural Studies Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
274Biologists40/100
275Chemical Technicians40/100
276Directors, Religious Activities and Education40/100
277Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
278Fuel Cell Engineers40/100
279Genetic Counselors40/100
280Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
281Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
282Personal Service Managers, All Other40/100
283Pharmacists40/100
284Political Science Teachers, Postsecondary40/100
285Postal Service Clerks40/100
286Wind Energy Development Managers40/100
287Wind Energy Engineers40/100
288Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators39/100
289Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary39/100
290Biochemists and Biophysicists39/100
291Career/Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary39/100
292Clergy39/100
293Film and Video Editors39/100
294First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers39/100
295Fundraising Managers39/100
296Human Resources Managers39/100
297Hydrologists39/100
298Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education39/100
299Patient Representatives39/100
300Photographers39/100
301Postsecondary Teachers, All Other39/100
302Recycling Coordinators39/100
303Regulatory Affairs Managers39/100
304Sales Managers39/100
305Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks39/100
306Sociology Teachers, Postsecondary39/100
307Soil and Plant Scientists39/100
308Solar Energy Systems Engineers39/100
309Surveying and Mapping Technicians39/100
310Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers39/100
311Validation Engineers39/100
312Adult Basic Education, Adult Secondary Education, and English as a Second Language Instructors38/100
313Architects, Except Landscape and Naval38/100
314Coroners38/100
315Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians38/100
316Environmental Engineers38/100
317Environmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including Health38/100
318Forestry and Conservation Science Teachers, Postsecondary38/100
319Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners38/100
320Gambling Managers38/100
321Health Education Specialists38/100
322Human Factors Engineers and Ergonomists38/100
323Industrial Engineers38/100
324Life, Physical, and Social Science Technicians, All Other38/100
325Managers, All Other38/100
326Mechanical Engineers38/100
327Medical and Health Services Managers38/100
328Microbiologists38/100
329Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers38/100
330Psychologists, All Other38/100
331Quality Control Systems Managers38/100
332Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists38/100
333Art Directors37/100
334Automotive Engineering Technicians37/100
335Calibration Technologists and Technicians37/100
336Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other37/100
337Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary37/100
338Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education37/100
339Facilities Managers37/100
340Fashion Designers37/100
341First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers37/100
342First-Line Supervisors of Helpers, Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand37/100
343First-Line Supervisors of Personal Service Workers37/100
344Loss Prevention Managers37/100
345Meter Readers, Utilities37/100
346Microsystems Engineers37/100
347Parts Salespersons37/100
348Producers and Directors37/100
349Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education37/100
350Transportation Engineers37/100
351Water Resource Specialists37/100
352Wind Energy Operations Managers37/100
353Architecture Teachers, Postsecondary36/100
354Chief Sustainability Officers36/100
355Dietetic Technicians36/100
356Education Administrators, All Other36/100
357Food Science Technicians36/100
358Funeral Home Managers36/100
359Gambling Dealers36/100
360Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators36/100
361Geodetic Surveyors36/100
362Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians36/100
363Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors36/100
364Healthcare Social Workers36/100
365Manufacturing Engineers36/100
366Nanosystems Engineers36/100
367Natural Sciences Managers36/100
368Precision Agriculture Technicians36/100
369Robotics Engineers36/100
370Security Managers36/100
371Self-Enrichment Teachers36/100
372Surveyors36/100
373Compensation and Benefits Managers35/100
374Construction Managers35/100
375Disc Jockeys, Except Radio35/100
376Education Administrators, Postsecondary35/100
377Emergency Management Directors35/100
378Epidemiologists35/100
379Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators35/100
380Mechanical Drafters35/100
381Media Technical Directors/Managers35/100
382Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists35/100
383Petroleum Engineers35/100
384Postmasters and Mail Superintendents35/100
385Radiologists35/100
386Special Education Teachers, Middle School35/100
387Talent Directors35/100
388Airfield Operations Specialists34/100
389Baggage Porters and Bellhops34/100
390Biological Technicians34/100
391Customs and Border Protection Officers34/100
392Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians34/100
393Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers34/100
394First-Line Supervisors of Entertainment and Recreation Workers, Except Gambling Services34/100
395Fitness and Wellness Coordinators34/100
396Food Scientists and Technologists34/100
397Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians34/100
398Interior Designers34/100
399Landscape Architects34/100
400Mechatronics Engineers34/100
401Mining and Geological Engineers, Including Mining Safety Engineers34/100
402Power Distributors and Dispatchers34/100
403Prepress Technicians and Workers34/100
404Private Detectives and Investigators34/100
405Rehabilitation Counselors34/100
406Remote Sensing Scientists and Technologists34/100
407Special Education Teachers, Secondary School34/100
408Travel Guides34/100
409Water/Wastewater Engineers34/100
410Administrative Services Managers33/100
411Amusement and Recreation Attendants33/100
412Brownfield Redevelopment Specialists and Site Managers33/100
413Civil Engineers33/100
414Commercial and Industrial Designers33/100
415Electrical Engineers33/100
416First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers33/100
417Gambling Change Persons and Booth Cashiers33/100
418Non-Destructive Testing Specialists33/100
419Passenger Attendants33/100
420Physics Teachers, Postsecondary33/100
421Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film32/100
422Conservation Scientists32/100
423Craft Artists32/100
424Cytogenetic Technologists32/100
425General and Operations Managers32/100
426General Internal Medicine Physicians32/100
427Occupational Health and Safety Specialists32/100
428Photonics Engineers32/100
429Postal Service Mail Carriers32/100
430Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists32/100
431Psychiatrists32/100
432Architectural and Engineering Managers31/100
433Biofuels Production Managers31/100
434Child, Family, and School Social Workers31/100
435Clinical Neuropsychologists31/100
436Construction and Building Inspectors31/100
437Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare31/100
438Flight Attendants31/100
439Marine Engineers and Naval Architects31/100
440Materials Engineers31/100
441Mental Health Counselors31/100
442Models31/100
443Neuropsychologists31/100
444Nuclear Engineers31/100
445Office Machine Operators, Except Computer31/100
446Physical Scientists, All Other31/100
447Retail Loss Prevention Specialists31/100
448Social and Human Service Assistants31/100
449Transportation Inspectors31/100
450Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers, Recordkeeping31/100
451Biomass Power Plant Managers30/100
452Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers30/100
453First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers30/100
454First-Line Supervisors of Production and Operating Workers30/100
455Food Service Managers30/100
456Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers30/100
457Intelligence Analysts30/100
458Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates30/100
459Labor Relations Specialists30/100
460Legislators30/100
461Marriage and Family Therapists30/100
462Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists30/100
463Nanotechnology Engineering Technologists and Technicians30/100
464Physicians, Pathologists30/100
465Residential Advisors30/100
466Set and Exhibit Designers30/100
467Substitute Teachers, Short-Term30/100
468Tour Guides and Escorts30/100
469Traffic Technicians30/100
470Advanced Practice Psychiatric Nurses29/100
471Audio and Video Technicians29/100
472Chefs and Head Cooks29/100
473Cooks, Fast Food29/100
474First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers29/100
475First-Line Supervisors of Material-Moving Machine and Vehicle Operators29/100
476Industrial Production Managers29/100
477Nuclear Monitoring Technicians29/100
478Nurse Practitioners29/100
479Obstetricians and Gynecologists29/100
480Park Naturalists29/100
481Photonics Technicians29/100
482Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters29/100
483Stockers and Order Fillers29/100
484Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians28/100
485Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Development Managers28/100
486Chief Executives28/100
487Community Health Workers28/100
488Engineering Technologists and Technicians, Except Drafters, All Other28/100
489First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping and Janitorial Workers28/100
490Geothermal Production Managers28/100
491Histology Technicians28/100
492Hydroelectric Production Managers28/100
493Meat, Poultry, and Fish Cutters and Trimmers28/100
494Nuclear Medicine Technologists28/100
495Opticians, Dispensing28/100
496Range Managers28/100
497Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten28/100
498Transportation Security Screeners28/100
499Veterinarians28/100
500Acute Care Nurses27/100
501Audiologists27/100
502Broadcast Technicians27/100
503Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle School27/100
504Chemical Engineers27/100
505Clinical Nurse Specialists27/100
506Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators27/100
507Couriers and Messengers27/100
508Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers27/100
509Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators, Except Postal Service27/100
510Medical Assistants27/100
511Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers27/100
512Parking Enforcement Workers27/100
513Personal Care Aides27/100
514Registered Nurses27/100
515Security Guards27/100
516Solar Energy Installation Managers27/100
517Special Education Teachers, Elementary School27/100
518Speech-Language Pathologists27/100
519Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors27/100
520Teaching Assistants, Preschool, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary School, Except Special Education27/100
521Waiters and Waitresses27/100
522Actors26/100
523Assemblers and Fabricators, All Other26/100
524Athletic Trainers26/100
525Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary School26/100
526Cooks, Restaurant26/100
527Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial Equipment26/100
528Electro-Mechanical and Mechatronics Technologists and Technicians26/100
529Fast Food and Counter Workers26/100
530Locker Room, Coatroom, and Dressing Room Attendants26/100
531Occupational Health and Safety Technicians26/100
532Pediatricians, General26/100
533Pharmacy Aides26/100
534School Bus Monitors26/100
535Special Education Teachers, All Other26/100
536Transportation Vehicle, Equipment and Systems Inspectors, Except Aviation26/100
537Ushers, Lobby Attendants, and Ticket Takers26/100
538Agricultural Engineers25/100
539Agricultural Inspectors25/100
540Agricultural Technicians25/100
541Air Traffic Controllers25/100
542Animal Caretakers25/100
543Bailiffs25/100
544Coaches and Scouts25/100
545Family Medicine Physicians25/100
546First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers25/100
547Floral Designers25/100
548Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners, All Other25/100
549Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education25/100
550Medical Dosimetrists25/100
551Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers25/100
552Museum Technicians and Conservators25/100
553Music Directors and Composers25/100
554Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers25/100
555Protective Service Workers, All Other25/100
556Pump Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers25/100
557Special Education Teachers, Preschool25/100
558Taxi Drivers25/100
559Teaching Assistants, Special Education25/100
560Adhesive Bonding Machine Operators and Tenders24/100
561Bakers24/100
562Baristas24/100
563Cooks, Private Household24/100
564Critical Care Nurses24/100
565Cytotechnologists24/100
566First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers24/100
567Food Cooking Machine Operators and Tenders24/100
568Forensic Science Technicians24/100
569Gas Plant Operators24/100
570Histotechnologists24/100
571Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers24/100
572Machinists24/100
573Nuclear Technicians24/100
574Nurse Midwives24/100
575Orthoptists24/100
576Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic24/100
577Patternmakers, Wood24/100
578Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators24/100
579Police Identification and Records Officers24/100
580Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators24/100
581Semiconductor Processing Technicians24/100
582Sound Engineering Technicians24/100
583Subway and Streetcar Operators24/100
584Choreographers23/100
585Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers and Repairers23/100
586Detectives and Criminal Investigators23/100
587First-Line Supervisors of Passenger Attendants23/100
588Food Batchmakers23/100
589Multiple Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic23/100
590Music Therapists23/100
591Neurologists23/100
592Plating Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic23/100
593Podiatrists23/100
594Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education23/100
595Printing Press Operators23/100
596Sports Medicine Physicians23/100
597Team Assemblers23/100
598Umpires, Referees, and Other Sports Officials23/100
599Adapted Physical Education Specialists22/100
600Allergists and Immunologists22/100
601Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity22/100
602Cardiologists22/100
603Childcare Workers22/100
604Electrical and Electronics Repairers, Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay22/100
605Food Preparation Workers22/100
606Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other22/100
607Hospitalists22/100
608Lathe and Turning Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic22/100
609Lighting Technicians22/100
610Model Makers, Wood22/100
611Nannies22/100
612Naturopathic Physicians22/100
613Nuclear Power Reactor Operators22/100
614Petroleum Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and Gaugers22/100
615Physical Therapists22/100
616Physicians, All Other22/100
617Preventive Medicine Physicians22/100
618Recreation Workers22/100
619Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors22/100
620Robotics Technicians22/100
621Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers22/100
622Solar Photovoltaic Installers22/100
623Speech-Language Pathology Assistants22/100
624Textile Cutting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders22/100
625Bartenders21/100
626Bridge and Lock Tenders21/100
627Butchers and Meat Cutters21/100
628Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels21/100
629Chemical Equipment Operators and Tenders21/100
630Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria21/100
631Cooks, Short Order21/100
632Crossing Guards and Flaggers21/100
633Dermatologists21/100
634Extruding and Drawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic21/100
635Farm Labor Contractors21/100
636First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives21/100
637Food Servers, Nonrestaurant21/100
638Funeral Attendants21/100
639Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products21/100
640Heat Treating Equipment Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic21/100
641Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand21/100
642Medical Equipment Repairers21/100
643Molding, Coremaking, and Casting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic21/100
644Occupational Therapists21/100
645Orthodontists21/100
646Packers and Packagers, Hand21/100
647Pest Control Workers21/100
648Telecommunications Equipment Installers and Repairers, Except Line Installers21/100
649Textile Bleaching and Dyeing Machine Operators and Tenders21/100
650Woodworking Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Except Sawing21/100
651Aviation Inspectors20/100
652Avionics Technicians20/100
653Camera and Photographic Equipment Repairers20/100
654Chiropractors20/100
655Commercial Pilots20/100
656Cooling and Freezing Equipment Operators and Tenders20/100
657Costume Attendants20/100
658Drilling and Boring Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic20/100
659Emergency Medicine Physicians20/100
660Food and Tobacco Roasting, Baking, and Drying Machine Operators and Tenders20/100
661Grinding, Lapping, Polishing, and Buffing Machine Tool Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic20/100
662Industrial Machinery Mechanics20/100
663Log Graders and Scalers20/100
664Machine Feeders and Offbearers20/100
665Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists20/100
666Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and Tenders20/100
667Milling and Planing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic20/100
668Mixing and Blending Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders20/100
669Model Makers, Metal and Plastic20/100
670Ophthalmologists, Except Pediatric20/100
671Packaging and Filling Machine Operators and Tenders20/100
672Radiologic Technologists and Technicians20/100
673Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators, and Hostlers20/100
674Separating, Filtering, Clarifying, Precipitating, and Still Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders20/100
675Slaughterers and Meat Packers20/100
676Acupuncturists19/100
677Animal Control Workers19/100
678Art Therapists19/100
679Biomass Plant Technicians19/100
680Chemical Plant and System Operators19/100
681Crushing, Grinding, and Polishing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders19/100
682Cutters and Trimmers, Hand19/100
683Diagnostic Medical Sonographers19/100
684Exercise Physiologists19/100
685Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders19/100
686Fire Inspectors and Investigators19/100
687Forest and Conservation Technicians19/100
688Furnace, Kiln, Oven, Drier, and Kettle Operators and Tenders19/100
689Geothermal Technicians19/100
690Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers19/100
691Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic19/100
692Light Truck Drivers19/100
693Logging Equipment Operators19/100
694Maintenance Workers, Machinery19/100
695Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians19/100
696Midwives19/100
697Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic19/100
698Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians19/100
699Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers19/100
700Pesticide Handlers, Sprayers, and Applicators, Vegetation19/100
701Power Plant Operators19/100
702Recreational Therapists19/100
703Sawing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Wood19/100
704Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs19/100
705Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators19/100
706Tire Builders19/100
707Tool and Die Makers19/100
708Urologists19/100
709Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders19/100
710Agricultural Equipment Operators18/100
711Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and Systems Assemblers18/100
712Biofuels Processing Technicians18/100
713Bus Drivers, School18/100
714Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians18/100
715Conveyor Operators and Tenders18/100
716Correctional Officers and Jailers18/100
717Driver/Sales Workers18/100
718Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers18/100
719Exercise Trainers and Group Fitness Instructors18/100
720Extruding and Forming Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Synthetic and Glass Fibers18/100
721Farmworkers, Farm, Ranch, and Aquacultural Animals18/100
722First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers18/100
723First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers18/100
724First-Line Supervisors of Firefighting and Prevention Workers18/100
725Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists18/100
726Gas Compressor and Gas Pumping Station Operators18/100
727Glass Blowers, Molders, Benders, and Finishers18/100
728Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers18/100
729Low Vision Therapists, Orientation and Mobility Specialists, and Vision Rehabilitation Therapists18/100
730Medical Equipment Preparers18/100
731Ophthalmic Medical Technicians18/100
732Ophthalmic Medical Technologists18/100
733Pourers and Casters, Metal18/100
734Print Binding and Finishing Workers18/100
735Rolling Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic18/100
736Ship Engineers18/100
737Textile Knitting and Weaving Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders18/100
738Tool Grinders, Filers, and Sharpeners18/100
739Transit and Railroad Police18/100
740Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers17/100
741Business Development Manager17/100
742Cutting and Slicing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders17/100
743Cutting, Punching, and Press Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic17/100
744Dishwashers17/100
745Electricians17/100
746Electromechanical Equipment Assemblers17/100
747Engine and Other Machine Assemblers17/100
748Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers17/100
749Fish and Game Wardens17/100
750Foresters17/100
751Foundry Mold and Coremakers17/100
752Gem and Diamond Workers17/100
753Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand17/100
754Helpers--Production Workers17/100
755Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers17/100
756Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance17/100
757Musicians and Singers17/100
758Parking Attendants17/100
759Pediatric Surgeons17/100
760Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Physicians17/100
761Psychiatric Technicians17/100
762Tank Car, Truck, and Ship Loaders17/100
763Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers17/100
764Textile Winding, Twisting, and Drawing Out Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders17/100
765Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers16/100
766Anesthesiologists16/100
767Animal Breeders16/100
768Athletes and Sports Competitors16/100
769Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters16/100
770Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment16/100
771Cleaning, Washing, and Metal Pickling Equipment Operators and Tenders16/100
772Dental Assistants16/100
773Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers16/100
774Etchers and Engravers16/100
775Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse16/100
776Fiberglass Laminators and Fabricators16/100
777First-Line Supervisors of Transportation Workers, All Other16/100
778Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other16/100
779Healthcare Support Workers, All Other16/100
780Locomotive Engineers16/100
781Occupational Therapy Aides16/100
782Occupational Therapy Assistants16/100
783Roof Bolters, Mining16/100
784Sewers, Hand16/100
785Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers16/100
786Shoe Machine Operators and Tenders16/100
787Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters16/100
788Tire Repairers and Changers16/100
789Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators16/100
790Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers16/100
791Coil Winders, Tapers, and Finishers15/100
792Control and Valve Installers and Repairers, Except Mechanical Door15/100
793Dental Laboratory Technicians15/100
794Grounds Maintenance Workers, All Other15/100
795Helpers--Painters, Paperhangers, Plasterers, and Stucco Masons15/100
796Highway Maintenance Workers15/100
797Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators15/100
798Medical Appliance Technicians15/100
799Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines15/100
800Neurodiagnostic Technologists15/100
801Orderlies15/100
802Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric15/100
803Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders15/100
804Pressers, Textile, Garment, and Related Materials15/100
805Production Workers, All Other15/100
806Railroad Brake, Signal, and Switch Operators and Locomotive Firers15/100
807Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians15/100
808Sewing Machine Operators15/100
809Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers15/100
810Wellhead Pumpers15/100
811Aircraft Cargo Handling Supervisors14/100
812Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders14/100
813Crematory Operators14/100
814Dentists, General14/100
815Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas14/100
816Excavating and Loading Machine and Dragline Operators, Surface Mining14/100
817Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists14/100
818Hazardous Materials Removal Workers14/100
819Hearing Aid Specialists14/100
820Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers, All Other14/100
821Motion Picture Projectionists14/100
822Orthotists and Prosthetists14/100
823Physician Assistants14/100
824Pipelayers14/100
825Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters14/100
826Potters, Manufacturing14/100
827Radiation Therapists14/100
828Recycling and Reclamation Workers14/100
829Respiratory Therapists14/100
830Riggers14/100
831Roustabouts, Oil and Gas14/100
832Sheet Metal Workers14/100
833Therapists, All Other14/100
834Watch and Clock Repairers14/100
835Anesthesiologist Assistants13/100
836Electrical and Electronics Installers and Repairers, Transportation Equipment13/100
837Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians13/100
838Forging Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and Plastic13/100
839Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers13/100
840Home Appliance Repairers13/100
841Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses13/100
842Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Other Recreational Protective Service Workers13/100
843Loading and Moving Machine Operators, Underground Mining13/100
844Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners13/100
845Millwrights13/100
846Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers13/100
847Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners13/100
848Nurse Anesthetists13/100
849Phlebotomists13/100
850Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers13/100
851Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators13/100
852Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas13/100
853Shampooers13/100
854Skincare Specialists13/100
855Structural Iron and Steel Workers13/100
856Surgical Technologists13/100
857Veterinary Technologists and Technicians13/100
858Wind Turbine Service Technicians13/100
859Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians12/100
860Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants12/100
861Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics12/100
862Barbers12/100
863Bicycle Repairers12/100
864Continuous Mining Machine Operators12/100
865Dental Hygienists12/100
866Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles12/100
867Emergency Medical Technicians12/100
868Endoscopy Technicians12/100
869Furniture Finishers12/100
870Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers12/100
871Insulation Workers, Mechanical12/100
872Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners12/100
873Manicurists and Pedicurists12/100
874Manufactured Building and Mobile Home Installers12/100
875Nursing Assistants12/100
876Optometrists12/100
877Painters, Construction and Maintenance12/100
878Paramedics12/100
879Physical Therapist Assistants12/100
880Psychiatric Aides12/100
881Rock Splitters, Quarry12/100
882Surgical Assistants12/100
883Upholsterers12/100
884Boilermakers11/100
885Construction Laborers11/100
886Derrick Operators, Oil and Gas11/100
887Fallers11/100
888Forest and Conservation Workers11/100
889Helpers--Extraction Workers11/100
890Maintenance and Repair Workers, General11/100
891Massage Therapists11/100
892Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators11/100
893Physical Therapist Aides11/100
894Prosthodontists11/100
895Sailors and Marine Oilers11/100
896Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners11/100
897Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers11/100
898Weatherization Installers and Technicians11/100
899Aircraft Service Attendants10/100
900Animal Trainers10/100
901Brickmasons and Blockmasons10/100
902Carpenters10/100
903Commercial Divers10/100
904Crane and Tower Operators10/100
905Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers10/100
906Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters10/100
907Helpers--Carpenters10/100
908Hydroelectric Plant Technicians10/100
909Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons10/100
910Pile Driver Operators10/100
911Plant and System Operators, All Other10/100
912Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons10/100
913Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas10/100
914Stone Cutters and Carvers, Manufacturing10/100
915Tree Trimmers and Pruners10/100
916Automotive Body and Related Repairers9/100
917Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists9/100
918Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers9/100
919Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers9/100
920Fence Erectors9/100
921Firefighters9/100
922Fishing and Hunting Workers9/100
923Insulation Workers, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall9/100
924Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers9/100
925Motorboat Operators9/100
926Motorcycle Mechanics9/100
927Outdoor Power Equipment and Other Small Engine Mechanics9/100
928Plasterers and Stucco Masons9/100
929Solar Thermal Installers and Technicians9/100
930Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers8/100
931Dancers8/100
932Embalmers8/100
933Helpers--Electricians8/100
934Hoist and Winch Operators8/100
935Home Health Aides8/100
936Locksmiths and Safe Repairers8/100
937Mechanical Door Repairers8/100
938Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians8/100
939Paperhangers8/100
940Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators8/100
941Rail Car Repairers8/100
942Segmental Pavers8/100
943Signal and Track Switch Repairers8/100
944Terrazzo Workers and Finishers8/100
945Tile and Stone Setters8/100
946Timing Device Assemblers and Adjusters8/100
947Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians7/100
948Carpet Installers7/100
949Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers7/100
950Dredge Operators7/100
951Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers7/100
952Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles7/100
953Floor Sanders and Finishers7/100
954Glaziers7/100
955Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters7/100
956Helpers--Pipelayers, Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters7/100
957Helpers--Roofers7/100
958Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers7/100
959Roofers7/100
960Stonemasons7/100
961Tapers7/100

Citing the index

You are welcome to quote these figures in articles, research and reporting. Please link back so readers can see the sources behind any number.

AI Job Risk, "The AI Job Risk Index", https://www.willaitakemyjob.app/rankings (accessed 11 September 2026).

Questions or a source we missed? willaitakemyjob@proton.me

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Occupations with only one backing source are excluded, so the ranking covers fewer roles than the database scores in total. Informational guidance based on published research, not professional career or financial advice. Also available grouped by sector.